To answer your question, " Where is the source that can be trusted to resolve this?" There isn't one. Which salesman do you want to believe?
The roofer is going on the manufactures guide lines and your foam guy is going on a kinda out there principle of building science.
Think about this! "The spray foam insulation salesman says they would seal up the
attic and enclose the attic space with insulation so that it will be
the same tempurature as the interior of the house.".
Do you live in your attic? If not, why should you expend resources/money on heating/cooling it?
There are better ways to effectively and economically improve the comfort and safety of a home.